Apparatus for die-shaping



(No MqdeL) A s 5 Shets-Sheet 1. H. A. CHAMBERLAIN 80W. L. MARTIN.

APPARATUS FOR DIE SHAPING.

No. 291,681. Patented Jan. 8, 1884.

)m adel. r u =5Shets$heet2 H.,A.'GHAMBERLAIEN"&FW. L. MARTIN.

Patented Jmi. 8.. 1

, APPARATUS P03 1111B SHAPING. o. 291,.68L g1 (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

H. A. 011mm LAIN & L. MARTIN. APPARA US FOR DIE SHAPING.

Patented Jan. 8, 1884.-

5 Sheets-:Sheet '4.

110 Model.)

H. A. CHAMBERLAIN 81 L. MARTIN.

APPARATUS FOR DIE SHAPING.

' Patented Jan 8 1884.

(No Model.) A 5 Sheets-Sheet 5. H. A. CHAMBERLAIN & W. L. MARTIN.

APPARATUS FOR DIE SHAPING. No. 291,681. Patented Jan. 8, 1884 t- IUNFTED finan es HENRYA. cHAMBEnLAIn AND WILLIAM L. MARTIN, or rnnnnnrown PATENT rrrcn.

, OONNEO' ICUT.

APPARATUS FOR DlE-SHAPiNG.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 291,681, dated January 8,1884. Application filed September 7, 1883. No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, HENRY A. CHAMBER- LAIN and WILLIAM L. MARTIN, of Middletown, in the county of Middlesex, and in the State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Apparatus for Die-Shaping; and we do hereby declare that the following is a ful1,*clear, and exact description thereotl'reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- V Figure 1 shows in elevation our improved die-shaping apparatus in place upon a press. Fig. 2 is a vertical central section of the same. Fig. 3,is a plan View of the base of said apparatus. Fig. 4 is a like view of the lower side of the cap thereof. Fig. 5 isa front elevation of our apparatus, showing the position of the parts when the cap .is raised either before or after the apparatus has been used; andFig. 6

is a verticalcentral section of ainodified form of said apparatus. y

I Letters of like name and kind refer to like parts in each of the figures.

The object of our invention is to provide an improvement in apparatus for die-shaping and toithis end it consists in the construction,

arrangement, and combination of parts, as hereinafter described, and more specifically pointed out in the claims. f

In thedrawings, A designates the outside shellor casing-of the matrir, and A and A the internal shells or reducers} contained there in. The innermost shell', A is provided on its internal surface with the ornainentations and configurations desired to be hollow blank or form when subjected to the operation to be described hereinafter. All these'shells or casings are tobe divided into two equal parts vertically, as shown. Whenever it is found necessary to suit any particular case, they can of course be divided into any desired number of sections without departing 'froin our invention.

{The base 13 is, as shown, bowl-shaped, the sides B of the depression in its upper surface being made flaring out ward-in straight lines to fitaccuratcly over the lower beveled end of the outer matrix-casing. The bottom of the depression is, asshown, provided witha series of concentric circular rccesses,:-c c c. The

outer wall of recess, a, forms ahcontinuation of taken by the the inclined surface of the wall B, while its inner wall is vertical. The extreme lower end of the casing A is formed, so as to fit closely I recess, a, corresponding in size with recess 0', 7 but preferably not quite so deep. WIthInthe circular groove formed by these two recesses the gasket or packing is securely confined. from spreading. The lower end of the innermost casin g, or matrix proper, is provided with a similar recess, a, corresponding with recess 1), and serving a similar euce to gasket 1).

The reducer A. and the matrix proper, A, are shown as of the same shape externally as the exterior of the casing A; but such conforinity in shape is of course not necessary.

The cap 0 is formed with a large recess or depression in its lower face, formed with flaring sides 0' O to fit closely over the tapering sides of the upper end of the matrix-casing. The bottom ot'the recess is a plane horizontal surface to correspond with the fiat top of the purpose with refermatrix-casing, so that when pressure is brought tically-inoviug head of a screw or other desir able kind of press,capable of exerting considerable pressure upon cap 0. The tongueEis fastened within the piece F by means of the set-screw], so that when the press head or plate is raised the cap will be raised with it. From the sides of the cap, and at right angles wardly projecting piece F, attached to the verto the plane of division of the matrix-casing,

are eyebolts 0, through which pass loosely the rods 0, provided at their lower ends with heads 0, and having screw-threaded upper ends to receive nuts 0.

To the matrix-casing are attached arms at a,

.diametrically op )osite each other, and extending horizontal itward, and also at right angles to the plaiie i division of the casing. The rods 0 pass 00. y through these arms, as shown. The dist n.e between the nuts and heads on the rtds is considerably greater than that between the upper and lower faces-of the arms a a and eyebol ts e 0, so that when the cap is raised it moves some distance and releases the upper ends of the matrix-sections before such sections begin to be raised. When the cap is raised to or near the limit of its movement, as will be seen in Fig. 5, said sections will hang so as to be apart from each other at their lower ends, and will becapable of being freely swung farther apart to admit of the insertion of a blank or form of vessel to be shaped .and ornamented, or the removal of the finished vessel after the blank has been operated upon. The arms a a, as will be soon, also form convenient handles for manipulation of the matrix-sections.

The base B is provided with a horizontal passage, I-I, extending from its exterior to its center, and connecting with the central vertical passage, I, opening at its top into the bottom of the b W1,- shaped depression in said base. Into passage H is inserted and properly fastened theend of pipe K, which is to be connected with any desired means or mechanism .by whichair, water, steam, or other fluid can be supplied under great pressure. For such connectiontheouter end of pipe K is screw-threadedto receive the necessary coupling. Said pipe is also provided with a letoff cock, L, at one side, to let off the compressed fluid from the interior of the vessel in the matrix and from the pipe and passages when the shaping operation. has been finished and the pressure upon the fluid from the source of supply has been shut off, all as will. be described hereinafter.

The blank or form G, which is to be of britannia, white-metal, or any soft alloy or metal, is spunor otherwise shaped so as to fit loosely within the matrix proper, A the interior .of which is shaped or ornamented as desired. The blank is preferably to be of the general form of the interior of the matrix or .die, as near to that as it can be made by spinning. Even where, as in the modification shown in Fig. 6, the interior of the matrix is angular in shape, it is not necessary to give the blank, before being operated upon, such angular shape, but it is sufficient to make it only as near the general e onformation of the matrix as. it can be got by spinnin x. Wherever it is found desirable, the blank can of course be shaped by any other of the well-known means before being placed in the matrix. A flange,

. g, is to be left .or formed around the mouth of the blank. This flange, as shown in Fig. 2, overlaps the edge of the opening in the lower end of the matrix and sits within the circular recess therein, so that when the parts of the matrix are forced down into position said flange rests upon the rubber gasket or washer and GOI'HPIOSSGS it, so as to make a water or air tight join t between the base and the blank. In the modified form of my apparatus shown in Fig. 6 no reducers are used and the matrix and its casing are made in one piece, preferably of brass, but not necessarily so. Any metal can be used. In this case the matrix should be an inch, at least, in thickness around the internal cavity. The cap of the modification can, if desired, be attached to the press in the same way as the cap already described, with the same connections between the cap and matrix-sections. In the modification the interior of the matrix is shown as being angular. Where the reducers are used, the outer casing of course can safely be of considerably less thickness than that given for the modififieation. WVe prefer the form of apparatus adapted to allow the use of the reducers, because we are enabled easily to make several different sizes of vessels of the same or other shape and ornamentation, .and because there is a great saving of expense and material, as the matrix proper, being contained within an iuclosing shell or shells, does not need to be made as thick or heavy as with the other form of apparatus. The outer casing or shell remains the same for all.

The rubber washers or gaskets not only serve to make a water-tight joint, but also by their yielding allow the matrix or die casing to descend far enough into the base to be firmly seated in the depression therein, and to be tightly held by the flaring sides of the latter. If any wear should take place between the beveled face of the lower ends of the casing-sections and the flaring walls of the base, the sections forming the casing will be allowed, by the yielding of the washers, to descend farther into said base, so as to be seated as firmly and closely therein as before.

As indicated above, where the reducers are used, it is only intended that the innermost shell shall be of brass, which can most easily be shaped and ornamented as desired. The other shells and the casing can be made of cheaper metal, as iron.

WVith the arrangement as shown in Fig. 2, the outer casing, A, and the inner one, A, are preferably of iron, while the inside shell, A

is of brass. Where a larger-sized vessel is to be formed, A and A are to be removed, and a matrix fitting just within A, or within a thin shell inside thereof, is to be used.

The arrangement and material of the reducin g-shells and matrices can be varied in a num- I ber of ways to suit particular cases without departing from the spirit of our invention, as such variation is only a question of mechanical or artistic skill. Vhere the matrix is used fitting just within the casin g and with out a reducer, the flange of the contained blank will rest upon and compress the outer elastic washer.

As all workers in britannia, white-metal, or other soft metals and alloys used for the blanks or forms of vessels or utensils understand, such earner I 1 3.

metals or alloys are much more easily and bet- I plication to be filed by us a division of this ter worked when heated than when cold, for they are then rendered softerer more pliable and less liable to crack. "We therefore sub ject the blank to heat while the fluid is being forced into it under pressure. This we can do by heating the fluid which is forced in, or by heating the matrix itself, and so heating the blank. If desired, steam can be used; but we have found that hot water, while being safer, can be made s u-fliciently hot as to make the metal of the blank so soft and pliable as to take perfectly and with great elearness'the shape and ornamentations-of the die or matrix.

The manner of using and the operation of our apparatus are as follows: The cap is raised independently of the die-casing until the heads 0 of the rod 0 strike against the arms a a, when, by its continued motion, the die or matrix sections'are also lifted clear of the'depression in the base 13. They will then hang swung apart as" shown in the drawings.

- The divided die ormatrix is then introduced in place within the casin A blank of britannia, white-metal, or soft alley, shaped as nearly as possible to the general conformation of the die, but somewhat smaller than the in terior thereof, is inserted within said die. The

cap and sections of thedie-casing are then lowered, so that their lower ends enter the depressionin thebase. Pressure is then brought to bear by the press upon the cap, and the V die-casing is forced firmly down into place.

By the action of the flaring sides of the do pressions or recesses in both ,cap and base, in connection with the beveleder tapered ends of the casing, the sections of the latter will be forced firmly and tightly together and locked there against opening under pressure from within. The flange of theblank or form rests upon and compresses the rubber packing or gasket within its recess. When sufficient pressure has been brought to bear upon the .cap and die-sections to force them into and hold them in place together, sufficient water or other fluid is forced into the blank under pressure through pipe K and passages H and I. The metal of the blank is meanwhile subjected to heat either by heating the matrix or die or the water or other fluid being forced into the blank. Under the action of the fluidpressure from within, said blank is expanded with equal pressure in all directions, and being softened and made pliable by the heat, it takes theshape, size, and ornamentations of the interior of the die perfectly,with the greatest clearness and precision, and without cracking or wrinklin The pressure from the source of supply is then shut off and the let-off cock L is opened, so as to release the pressure from the vessel and passages. The pressure upon the cap is then removed, said cap and the diecasing sections swung apart, and the formed and ornamented vessel taken out.

We do not herein intend to cover or claim our improved process of die-shaping, as such is fully described and claimed in another apase. The claims in this case are to be confined to the apparatus used.

Having thus fully set forth the nature and both provided with depressions having flaring 5 sides to fit closely upon the tapering ends of the casing, and means for pressing the cap upon the casing and holding it there, substan- .tially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The casing divided into sections longitudinally, adapted to receive and hold within it a matrix or an inner redueiiigcasing and matrix, and formed tapering at each end, in combination with a cap and. base adapted to fit closely over and confine the ends of the easing, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The base formed with a bowl-shaped depression having flaring sides, and provided with a circular recess, in combination with a die-easing divided vertically into sections, and

4. In combination with the base provided with a recess around its central portion, the matrix provided with a corresponding recess adapted to receive the flange of the blank or form to be shaped or ornamented, .the elastic washer or gasket in the recess in the base, means for pressing and holding the matrix down upon the base, so that the flange of IJ5 blank shall rest upon and compress the washer,

and suitable conmeeting-passages opening into the center of the upper face of the base, so as to admit fluid to the interior of the blank, substantially as shown and described.

The matrix divided into sections longitudinally, and provided at its lower end to receive the flange of the contained form or blank, in combination with the base having a corresponding recess in its upper face, the elastic packing in this recess,- suitable passages in the base opening upward within the line of the recess, and means for forcing and holding the matrix-sections together and down upon the base, so that the flange of the blank shall rest upon and compress the elastic washer or packing and form a tight joint, substantially as shown and described.

6. The base provided with a bowl-shaped depression having flaring sides, and a series of concentric recesses in its bottom, the enter one adapted to receive the lower end of the divided matrix-casin made tapering at its lower end to fit in the base, and the others vided with a recess corresponding with the ini all in combination, substantially as and for the ncr recess in the base, and adapted to receive the flange of the blank, the passages in the base opening in the upper face thereof within the inner recess, and the cap fitting over the end of the casing, all combined and operating substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. The die-casing divided into two sections vertically, the cap fitting upon the upper end thereof, the eyebolts on the cap, the arms attached to the casing-sections, and the headed rods provided with screw-nuts and passing through eyebolts and arms, all combined and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. The press, the cap connected with the press head or plate, the die-casing, made in sections, and loose connections between the cap and sections, which will allow the cap to be raised clear of the sections before the latter are moved, and then will cause the sections to be raised by the further movement of the cap, 7

purpose set forth.

9. .l he combi nation of pi pe K,connectedwith a suitable source of supply of fluid under 7 the cap fitting over the tapering top of the' casing, and suitable means for pressing the cap downward upon the end of easing, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony that we claim the foregoing we have hereunto set our hands this 22d day of August, 1883.

HENRY A. CHAMBERLAIN. WILLIAM L. MARTIN. \Vitnesses:

ROBERT H. STOTI-IARI, Janus H. KELSEY. 

